ACTIVITIES FYQ 2º ESO





Hello, everyone!!

Here you will find everything related to Physics and Chemistry.  Enjoy it!!

CHEMISTRY

SCIENTIFIC METHOD


And...warming up the engines with this video!!!


Scientific Method Song

After listening to the video, your first task will be to produce a poster in your notebook.  It would be something like this:


Are you ready??


TO SUMMP UP:  The Scientific Method is a process that helps us to find the solution to a problem

SCIENTIFIC TERMS


Lots of the words we use in science come from either LATIN or GREEK

TAKE A LOOK AT THE:  Origin of the scientific terms AND VERIFY IT HERE!!



SCIENCE IS NOT MAGIC


Watch the following video on the history of science and MAKE A TIMELINE showing the most important scientists and their speciality in the history of science. 



MAGNITUDES AND THE INTERNATIONAL SYSTEM


Measuring is comparing one quantity with another of the same magnitude that we take as a reference. This reference quantity is called a UNIT.  Watch the following video about MEASURING and have fun!!

You can practise Conversions factors at the following link:  CONVERSIONS FACTORS,

Eventually, watch the video at: HOW TO CONVERT UNITS  and complete the diagram that illustrates the general procedure.





LABORATORY



Look at the following link LABORATORY EQUIPMENT and prepare a short report describing what the instrument is used for and the right way to handle it.


SAFETY RULES


All chemical products have labels to show us how hazadous they are.  Watch this video at:  




SCIENTIFIC ADVANCES



Read the article you can find at:  WHAT HAS SCIENCE DONE and write 5 things that you do every day thanks to scientific advances


PROS AND CONS OF TECHNOLOGY



Reflect on scientific advances and listening to TECHNOLOGY ADVANCES







PRESENTATION OF THE RESULTS


We use tables and graphs to organise and present the results.  Take a look at this link




DENSITY


Fill in the missing words in the transcript:  







EXPAND A MARSHMALLOW




PERIODIC TABLE


What is Chemistry? Well...Here's one definition:  Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes tat take place with that matter.  Everything on Earth, everything in the Solar System, everything in our galaxy, and everything in the Universe is made of matter.  And Matter is the name that scientists have given to everthing that you can touch, see, fell, or smell.  Matter is rigorously everything that has mass and occupies space.

Now we're getting to the heart and soul of the way the Universe works.  It's up to you to click and take a look at the PERIODIC TABLE !!


THE BEST WAY TO LEARN THE ELEMENTS
Lyrics

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY


Here you are the information that I told you:  CHEMICAL FORMULATION


FOR MORE INFORMATION ABOUT PERIODIC TABLE, TAKE A LOOK AT THIS LINK


CHEMICAL FORMULATION ACTIVITY:


TASK

Watch the following video and answer the questions:
  1. Which elements are mentioned in the video?
  2. Where are they in the periodic table?
  3. What property do they have in common?
  4. Why do you think they are in the same column?
  5. What would happen if you mix water with francium?



MATTER AND ITS PROPERTIES



 If you link at this website you can see examples of the properties of matter

At the following animation you can find exercises to practise how to do different types of volume measurements

                                  STATES OF MATTER



A state of aggregation is the form in which matter appears in nature.  Read about the states of matter at this link:   STATES OF MATTER




                                      CHANGES OF STATE


A change of state is a variation in the form in which matter appears, but remember, its composition remains the same




                          TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE



We can define Temperature as a measurement of the internal energy of a substance and it is related to particle motion.

And What does mean Pressure?.  Well, Pressure is ameasurement of the number of particle collisions against the walls of a receptacle.  Do you know that 1 atm is the atmospheric pressure at sea level?.  If you like to learn more about atmospheric pressure take a look at this website: 

                                                     ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE

                                                         THE HEATING CURVE


A heating curve is a graph showing the increasing temperature of a substance and the time it takes for a change of state to occur.  You will find more about heating curves at this website:  

                                                     HEATING CURVE OF WATER




GAS LAWS


The gas laws are a set of experimental laws explaining the relationship between the pressure, volume and temperature of a gas with a constant mass.  Each law is named after the scientists who performed experiments to define them.

In this website you will find an animation tha illustrates the gas laws.  and if you want to change the pressure and volume in this application, try it!!


                                                               WORD SEARCH


Find the words from the box below in this puzzle.  Then, look for them in the unit and write the sentence where you found them:




                                     REQUIRED READING



As you know, we are going to read the following book: "Charlie and the great glass elevator".  The EXHIBITION about it  will be carried out in the third assessment.  Enjoy it!!

Author:  Roald Dahl
ISBN:    978-0-141-36538-1



AND...   REMEMBER OUR TASK !! :

It will be to produce a comic on each chapter of the book as I ask you for.  The page format selected for the form is DINA4 and your drawings will be similar to those set out in the book.

Eventually, it would be something like this:



READING QUESTIONS


If you solve these reading questions you will be ready for making your book presentation.  
Go ahead!!



THE STRUCTURE OF MATTER



AND THE QUESTION IS...


  • What is the difference between Simple substances and Compounds?

Simple substances are made up of just one element such as calcium (Ca)  or zinc (Zn) unlike Compounds which are pure substances but they cannot be separated into other simpler substances.

Look at this link and discover some facts about mixtures, pure substances, elements and compounds.

  • Can the size of matter be measured? Atoms and subatomic particles: you can watch this video on the evolution of the size of matter. 
  • How big are cells compared with other objects, molecules, atoms?  Interactive explore 
  • Do you know that the smallest atom that we know of is the hydrogen atom which is made up of a single electron and a nucleus?
  • Has the atomic model changed over time? Look at this Atomic Theory Timeline
  • Do you want to construct atoms and isotopes:  Here is the link
  • Do you know the behaviour of isotopes?  Watch the following video
  • How medical isotopes can be used?  Look at this interesting video 
  • Would you like knowing the process of ion formation?  Watch this video

KEY CONCEPTS


👉All matter is made up of atoms
👉The average size of an atom is 10⁻¹⁰ m
👉A model of the atom must be able to explain electrical phenomena in matter
👉Electrical phenomena can attract or repel and are caused by electric charges
👉Electric charges can be positive or negative
👉Charges with the same sign repel each other
👉Charges with opposite signs attract each other
👉Parameters to summarise the information related to the internal composition of an atom are: Atomic number (Z) and Mass number (A)

TASK


Watch the following video at ed.ed.com. and fill the gaps in the following text using the words below.  There is an extra word



CHEMICAL REACTIONS


"A young swedish chemist named Alfred Nobel was able to convert nitroglycerine, an explosive substance, into another element more stable, that is, dynamite"

You can see interesting chemical reactions in the following links:


The change of colour, the formation of a gas or the appearance of a precipate can be signs of the existence of a chemical reaction

A CHEMICAL REACTION IS THE PROCESS BY WHICH SOME SUBSTANCES (REACTANTS) BECOME NEW SUBSTANCES CALLED PRODUCTS.




LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MATTER


*********Take a look at this apllet and you can review your new concepts**********

*********And if you get more practice, at  this apllet, you can determine reactants, products and leftovers*********

*********Try this interesting animation and you will test which combinations there should be between the reactants and products for the Law of conservation of Ass to be fulfilled*********


EXOTHERMIC AND ENDOTHERMIC PROCESSES


Watch the following video about Energy in reactions


MATTER SYSTEMS


And the question is...How many components can you distinguish? 

"There are mixtures in which we can observe different particles together and there are mixtures in which all the particles seem indistinguishable from the others"

MIXTURES

Depending on the particle size of the substances, mixtures may be:

  • HETEROGENEOUS
  • COLLOIDAL SYSTEMS
  • HOMOGENEOUS

TYNDALL EFFECT

Take a look at this video and learn about the tyndall effect

And it may be Fhysics as well: Why does the sky appears blue?




PHYSICS


      Now, we are going to learn about forces and motion, but firstly, here you are an interesting TED_ED lesson whose topic is: what is a vector?.  Do you know that Physicists, air traffic controllers, and video game creators all have at least one thing in common? . Enjoy it!!


KINEMATICS


Do you know that the science that studies motion is called Kinematics?. The word comes from the Greek, that is, Kinema, which means "motion" and -ics, which indicates "relating to".



Equations can easily contain the information equivalent of several sentences, for example: The gradient of a displacement-time graph at a particular time gives the velocity of the object at that time.

MOTION GRAPHS

It is said that a graph is worth a thousand words, so take a look at the following simulation. It will allow you to operate a MOVING MAN


TIPS:

A GOOD GRAPH HAS:


  • Title 
  • X-axis labeled 
  • Y-axis labeled 
  • Proper units 
  • Size (big, it needs to be readable and it should be neat and clean) 

Here you are another option whith this MOTION GRAPH SIMULATOR, where you can learn to go throught it by using the magnitudes we have studied.

DYNAMICS

FORCES

In order to understand more on composition of forces, take a look at this following applet PhEt


NEWTON'S LAWS OF MOTION


  • FIRST LAW: The first law sates that ' Things want to keep what they are already doing ' 
  • SECOND LAW: The 2nd law states that ' Force is directly proportional to mass and acceleration' 
  • THIRD LAW: The 3rd law states that ' There is an action & reaction act in a pair '






DEFORMATIONS

A body has been deformed when a force is applied and its length varies along the force'line of action. You can find in the folowing link  four curious situations where deformation prevents greater disasters

HOOKE'S LAW

Hooke's Law states that the force applied to an eleastic body is directly proportional to the deformation caused.




And now, you can use the folowing simulator and try the activity with the three springs


VARIATION OF THE STATE OF MOTION

When a force F is applied to a body of mass m, this adquires an acceleration a and the expression F=m*a is fulfilled

Would you be able to land a spaceship with all its crew?  Go to the following link


FRICTION


Friction is a force that always opposes motion


THE FORCE OF GRAVITY

Gravity is a force that acts at a distance between two bodies that have mass.  It increases with the value of these masses and decreases with the distance that separates these bodies





WEIGHT

Human beings have confirmed experiment ' The force of Gravity ' by going to the Moon, and it is not a lie.

MASS, WEIGHT, GRAVITY AND UNIVERSE

Weight is the force with which a planet attract us.  It is measured in newtons and its value depends on where you are.  You can see a simulation of the planet's orbits in this link

DISTANCES IN THE UNIVERSE


Light-time is the distance that lights travels in that time.  The following simulation will help you visualise how far away Mars is based on the size of your screen.

Here you are a great way to visualise the size of our Solar System, the planets in it and the Universe:




ELECTRIC FORCE

When two bodies are charge, a force appears between them:



MAGNETIC FORCE


Magnets create what we call a magnetic field around them






ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

Experiments in the nineteenth century demonstrated the relationship between Electricity and Magnetism





ENERGY

Energy is a magnitude which quantifies the capacity of an object to produce changes:
  • within itself
  • in its environment

UNITS:  
  • Joule (J) International System
  • 1 Cal= 4.18 J
  • 1 Kwh = 3.6 * 10^6 J
  • 1 toe = 4.19 * 10^9 J (tonne of oil equivalent)
TYPES:
  • Potential energy
  • Electrical energy
  • Electromagnetic energy
  • Sound energy
  • Kinetic energy
  • Thermal energy
PROPERTIES
  1. Transform into another type of energy
  2. Transfer to another object
  3. Disipate, that is, is transferred to the: air, water, ground

BUT,  The most important property is...

 ENERGY IS ALWAYS CONSERVED.  IT CANNOT BE CREATED OR DESTROYED

Initial energy = Transformed energy + Transferred energy + Disipated energy

KEY CONCEPTS
  • The temperature of an object is a property which measures the average Kinetic energy of the particles in it: the higher temperature of an object, the more Kinetic energy its particles.
  • Heat groups all the ways of transferring Thermal energy between objects: It always goes from the object whit the higher temperature to he object with the lower temperature.

WAYS OF TRANSFERRING THERMAL ENERGY

It is the transference of thermal energy.  We use the Celsius temperature scale.

  • CONDUCTION.  As a result of collisions between their particles.  EX: 
Thermal equilibrium: no more transference
Thermal conductors:  good at transferring heat  EX:
Insulators: not good at transferring heat  EX:

  • CONVECTION:  linked to the movement of matter.  Liquids and gases (they can flow).  EX:
Hot air rises and its density decreases.  Cold air is denser.

  • RADIATION:  through electromagnetic waves.  It can occur in a vacuum (there is no absence of matter).  The higher their temperature, the more energy they emit.  EX:
NON-RENEWABLE 
AND 
RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES

An energy source is any resource from which humans extract energy that transforms according to their needs.

USES
  • Transport
  • Heat for the Central heating
  • Industrial facilities
  • Electrical devices
NON-RENEWABLES ENERGY

It is finite.  We consume them at a faster rate that they are created.

The most widely use non-renewable energy sources at present are:
  • OIL: from underground wells.  USE:
  • COAL: from underground mines.  USE:
  • NATURAL GAS: from underground wells.  USE:
  • URANIUM:  from underground mines.  USE:   

Fossil fuels
Power station

RENEWABLE ENERGY

It is inexhaustible.  We consume them at a lower rate than nature creates them.  They never run out.

TYPES

  • Solar photovoltaic
  • Solar thermal
  • Geothermal
  • Tidal
  • Biomass residues
  • Biofuels
  • Land or sea wind
  • Hydroelectrical

ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS

  • CLIMATE CHANGE
  • ACID RAIN
  • RADIOACTIVE WASTE AND NUCLEAR ACCIDENTS

TECNNOLOGICAL ASPECTS

  • IMPROVE ENERGY STORAGE
  • MODIFY THE CONSUMPTION HABITS


















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